[Chapter 9, post #14]
“Forty years after the monument's erection and six years
after Van Orden began to encounter the monument frequently, he sued.” [1]
Chief Justice William
Rehnquist
Justice Breyer’s concurrence in Van Orden provided the pivotal fifth vote upholding lower court
rulings that the display of an Eagles-donated tombstone to Jesus Christ on the
Texas State Capitol grounds did not violate the Establishment Clause. For Justice Breyer, it was time to move after
forty years on rather than to correct an injustice.[3] He opined:
This display has stood apparently uncontested
for nearly two generations. That experience helps us understand that as a
practical matter of degree this display is unlikely to prove divisive.
And this matter of degree is, I believe, critical in a borderline case such as
this one.[4]
The essence of Chief Justice Rehnquist’s and Justice Breyer’s argument is
that the passage of time makes a claim stale – that if the alleged violation
was really significant, the person offended would have brought the claim
sooner. There may be a tinge of truth to
the argument, but it’s a very weak argument in this case where the monument’s display
is not merely a past violation of the First Amendment, but a continuing violation
as well.Time, money and frustration are at major reasons why potential plaintiffs decline to bring or delay bringing meritorious lawsuit. There are four other considerations which explain the time delay.
First, Separationists didn’t wait 40 years to file the first lawsuit challenging the placement of Eagles-donated Ten Commandments monuments on public property. In 1972, a lawsuit was filed against the Salt Lake City seeking the removal its Eagles-donated monument.[5] Numerous other challenges to Eagles-donated monuments were filed prior to the decision in Van Orden being handed down on June 27, 2005, and others have been filed since. Lawsuits challenging Eagles-donated Ten Commandments monuments are pending in Fargo, North Dakota,[6] Connellsville, Pennsylvania[7] and New Kensington, Pennsylvania.[8]
Second, Ten Commandment monument cases are not a criminal case or other type where material evidence will be lost due to the passage of time, including the memory of witnesses. There is no harm if it takes one year, ten years or 40 years to bring the lawsuit – for the religious nature of the monuments speaks for themselves. Each and every day is an ongoing violation of the First Amendment.
Third, there is also a flip side to the Chief Justice and Justice Breyer’s argument. Nonbelievers are the most hated group in America of which Van Orden was a member.[9] While I am not aware that Thomas Van Orden felt intimidated, I can that during the course of my representing plaintiffs in Newdow v. Roberts,[10] one of the plaintiffs had had her house burned down by an arsonist who was upset with prior litigation the plaintiff was involved in. Further, Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy were shot to death by assassins who ideologically disagreed with their policies. Similarly, churches have been burned down, persons hanged, beaten or burned to death by persons who disagreed with the victim’s race, religion, national origin or gender identity. There is an ugly side to America to which a lawsuit exposes a person to..[11]
And fourth, plaintiffs seek to avoid the stigmatization as a second class citizen that follows the filing a lawsuit challenging a practice of the majority religion
Justice Souter offered a most delightful rebuttal to the Chief Justice and Justice Breyer:
“I doubt that a slow walk to the
courthouse, even one that took 40 years, is much evidentiary help in applying
the Establishment Clause.”[12]
In this myth, I have tried to make the point that year after
year of wrongdoing does not make an unconstitutional act right. It took 58 years to correct the insidious
“separate but equal” holding in Plessy v.
Ferguson[13]
and 133 years to grant women the right to vote.[14] Perhaps 40 years is not such a slow walk
after all!
[1] Van
Orden v. Perry, 545 U.S. 677, 682 (2005).
[2] See Justice
delayed is justice denied at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_delayed_is_justice_denied.
[3] The Eagles-donated monument was placed on the
Texas State Capitol grounds in 1961.
[4] Ibid.,
at 704.
[5] Anderson
v. Salt Lake City Corp., 348 F.Supp. 1170, 1171 (D. Utah, 1972); reversed
476 F.2d 29 (10th Cir. 1973).
[6] Red
River Freethinkers v. Fargo, No. 10-3214 (8th Cir., May 25, 2012) –
reversed U.S. Dist. Court’s denial of standing and remanded for further
proceedings.
[7] Freedom
From Religion Foundation v. Connellsville Area School Dist. (W.D. Pa.,
complaint filed Sept. 27, 2012).
[8] Freedom
From Religion Foundation v. New Kensington –Arnold School Dist. (W.D. Pa., complaint filed Sept.
14, 2012).
[9] As I write this blog post, the federal
government is shut down because of a rift between Tea Party Republicans in the
U.S. House of Representatives and the rest of Congress. So, at least for today, Congress may be the
most hated group.
[10] Newdow v. Roberts, 603 F. 3d 1002 (2010), cert. den., 131 S. Ct. 2441 (2011) challenged
the religious practices of the 2008 presidential inaugural ceremony.
[11] I was recently involved in a Phoenix, Arizona
lawsuit that had been going on for several years. The plaintiff had accused her teacher of
using the classroom to proselytize Christianity. Ultimately, the plaintiff was intimidated into
dropping her lawsuit (which amply supported by the evidence) by the defendants’
attorney who threaten the plaintiff with substantial attorneys fees.
[12] Ibid.,
at 747.
[13]
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S.
537 (1896) was overturned by Brown v.
Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
[14]
The 19th Amendment, which prohibits the United States or any State
from denying a citizen the right to vote on account of sex, was ratified on
August 18, 1920.
